Our last labs have been to study frequency response first in the simple RC and RL circuits where just the break frequencies

For the last three weeks in lab we have been building and working on RC, RL and now finally RLC circuits.

I am happy to say I needed no help in the RC circuit. We used the components suggested on the board a resistor equal to 4.7k Ohms & a capacitor equal to 0.10 µF . Plugged it into the Oscope and used a function generator to set the vpp to 0.05V & bam a wonderful Vout wave! YIPPEE! then we varied the frequencies and got waves of varying amplitudes. Then for grins and giggles we doubled the resistor amount to 10K, ran the same frequencies and noticed something I think we were suppose to notice…… the amplitudes of the wave decreased by half.

Hey is this what they mean by "Low" pass filter – where now less higher frequencies are making it through? Not certain, but I like it cause it sounds good. Is this was young guys feel like when they get their first girlfriend? Now what do I do and what does this all mean and how do I use this?

Then the lab kicked our butt with the RL because we kept trying to get a signal with the RL circuit, but it was flatline. nothing no matter what crazy frequency we put in. We were stuck! Then my lab professor said the magic word "transfer function gives you the break frequency" So I web searched all weekend and found this cool math formula which happened to wind up being my time constant = (R/L). So I solved it for R and found that my Resistance was off the chart too high!@!!! I then went into the lab over the weekend with my 12 year old daughter (it was fun – you should see what her experiment was – it made noise)…. Used a 2.2 Ohm resistor with a 171.1 µH inductor & BAM BAM I got an out signal! Not an easy task! Kiss – I love myself.

So in the same meaningless way I created a "High" pass filter – where now only high frequencies made it through. Again doubling the resistance just lowered the bar allowing more frequencies to pass through. Interesting how this reversed with the inductor and capacitor – as ahoy says, the capacitor stores charge and the inductor stores current and it is this property that gives these elements the ability to perform their jobs, but because Voltage & Current are inversesly proportional to each other V=IR is just R= V/I – lower the current and it increases the voltage (because 10/2=5V, but 10/1=10V – doubled the voltage).

Now I have RLC – we spent all lab figuring it out – well the boys did – I kept saying pick a resistor between 2.2 Ohms and 4.7k Ohms. Then you will be successful. I think after 3 hours they said what have we got to loose – so we started with 5 Ohms and got an out signal. It was great.

Now it is time to present in front of the class. Hell I have no Idea what this all means other than the online garbage of filtering & RLC can do band pass filtering setting the desired frequencies in the middle with the inductor filtering out the low frequencies & the capacitor filtering out the high frequencies to get the desired middle.

I sure wish I could blow them away with Ahoy’s comments, but this is about motors, not filtering and isnt that interesting how the same can be used in both for something amazing.

[quote] In an AC power system, motors transformers etc. that appear inductive will reflect stored energy back to its source in the form of current built while the instantaneous voltage was high. Unfortunately, there is resistance in the source. This resistance will dissipate energy in the process of delivering the actual energy used but will also burn the energy reflected back by the inductance. Many motors compensate this somewhat by paralleling capacitors with the inductive load. The energy stored by the inductive load is reflected into the capacitor and then the capacitor delivers the energy back when the voltage from the source begins to reverse. When well tuned, the motor and capacitor will look like a resistor and no energy will be wasted in the generating and delivery system. [/quote]

I am happy just trying to find a way to explain it to my 12 year old so I see the light in her eyes go on in understanding. Any ideas to make this topic simple enough for a non-technical person to understand?

Water, Vegetable Oil, Kinetic Energy, Wind, Decomposition(methane/ethane/ethanol), nuclear and sun.
For example we can use the waves of the ocean to push those windmills to create energy; that would be an example for water. or for kinetic energy, at the gym, there are spinner classes (those bikes that stay in one place) and if someone were to hook some wires up to those and use the same idea of a generator with the one magnet inside the other, that could create energy for that building.
If you have any questions, please ask.
Thank you!

What I’m asking is would you support the building of a power plant that produces more than one form of energy to provide base-load generation. What do you make of a nuclear power plant with solar heliostats and wind turbines? Not to mention geothermal heating pumps and a biomass generator? How would you feel if it was located on a coastline with wave and tidal generators? Those are seven forms of energy I just mentioned. Six of them are renewable. And if they recycled 96 percent of the nuclear power like they do in France, that would be perfect. What do you make of that?
Maybe one day when we harness nuclear fusion, they could create some hybrid reactors that fuse all the atoms back together once they’re split. So you could have synchronous nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Any thoughts on that?
Actually there are 4 R’s

1. Restore
2. Reuse
3. Retrofit
4. Recycle

Anyway, I’m glad to hear that you would do everything that you can to make a contribution to the environment and make the world a better place.

Will this lead to the end of big-budget, blockbuster movies and the end of action movies. Will they be replaced by smaller, more family-friendly films that don’t require a huge amount of money and resources to produce?

By GARY GENTILE, AP Business Writer

LOS ANGELES – From "green carpets" at awards shows to organic fruit
served to actors on sets, Hollywood is going all out to promote itself
as being environmentally hip.

But is it all just show?

No amount of public service announcements or celebrities driving
hybrid cars can mask the fact that movie and TV production is a gritty
industrial operation, consuming enormous amounts of power to feed
bright lights, run sophisticated cameras, and feed a cast of
thousands.

Studios’ back lots host cavernous soundstages that must be air-
conditioned to counter the heat produced by decades-old lighting
technology. Huge manufacturing facilities consume wood, steel, paint
and plastic to build sets that are often torn down and tossed out
after filming ends.

The energy guzzling continues on the exhibition side, too, with
multiplexes drawing millions of kilowatts to power old-school popcorn
makers and clunky film projectors that cash-strapped theater owners
are reluctant to replace.

A two-year study released last year by the University of California at
Los Angeles concluded that special effects explosions, idling vehicles
and diesel generators make the entertainment industry a major Southern
California polluter, second only to the oil industry.

Still, financial and public pressures have resulted in many studios
expanding their environmental efforts, doing everything from using a
biodiesel fuel mixture to run the generators on the set of the Fox
show "24" to converting Warner Bros.’ enormous set-building facility
to solar energy.

"Public consciousness on this issue has changed dramatically," said
Kyle Tanger, a principal at Clear Carbon Consulting. "The talent
themselves are requesting it from some of the studios. And a lot of
these things make economic sense."

Economic benefit can come to studios directly, by switching to more
efficient lighting or cooling systems or driving hybrid cars on
location, which can save gas. Other projects, such as installing solar
power, can take decades to pay off.

But there are other benefits that are harder to quantify. Besides the
public relations angle, many performers and other employees want to
work with eco-friendly companies, so it also helps in recruiting and
retaining employees, Tanger said.

Form and function merged at this year’s Primetime Emmy Awards show.

To symbolize its commitment to energy conservation, Fox had wanted to
replace the traditional red carpet with a green one.

The tradition-bound Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, which
gives the awards, politely said "no."

But the carpet that ended up cushioning the heels of such stars as
Sally Field and America Ferrera was made from recycled plastic bottles
and later cut into pieces and donated to several local schools.

"No doubt some efforts have been window dressing. But I actually think
Hollywood is doing far more than people are giving it credit for,"
said Terry Tamminen, who served as an adviser to Gov. Arnold
Schwarzenegger before starting his own environmental consulting
company.

One convenient yet controversial method is the purchase of carbon
credits by studios and producers to offset the greenhouse gases from
their production activity. The credits attempt to counter such
pollution by investing in environmentally friendly projects such as
planting trees or funding wind power.

Studios and a growing number of other industries calculate their
emissions, then write a check to one of several brokers who funnel the
money to projects around the world. The goal is to become carbon
neutral by funding activities that reduce an equal amount of
emissions.

The 2004 Fox film "The Day After Tomorrow" and last year’s Al Gore
documentary "An Inconvenient Truth" offset all or some of their
pollution. This year’s "Evan Almighty," from Universal, donated money
to the Conservation Fund to plant 2,000 trees, enough to "zero out"
the greenhouse gases produced.

But the practice has come under fire by some who say it is an easy way
to avoid the hard work of directly reducing pollution. Others question
whether carbon credit payments are actually going to projects that
make that much of a difference.

"If you’re going to drive around in a big ol’ Hummer and then buy
carbon offsets to mitigate that, that’s like getting drunk on the
weekends and throwing some money through the window of an AA meeting
and thinking you’re doing something," said Ed Begley Jr., who was a
poster child for energy conservation long before Al Gore made it
trendy.

The Federal Trade Commission, meanwhile, has begun examining claims
made by the nascent multimillion-dollar carbon credit industry.

Warner Bros., which bought carbon credits for the 2005 film "Syriana,"
has also become more aggressive at reducing emissions during all
phases of production.

In addition to solar-powered set-building, the studio is recycling
sets, using recycled plastic lumber in the construction of some
buildings, and printing double-sided scripts where feasible.

Pieces built for the 2001 film "Ocean’s 11" now sit in the Santa
Monica offices of the National Resources Defense Council. Sets from
this year’s sequel "Ocean’s 13" were donated to decorate the halls of
local community colleges.

"You have to start by measuring your own footprint, then reducing it,
whether through using alternative fuels, reducing electrical loads or
combining trips," said Shelley Billick, vice president of
environmental initiatives at Warner Bros. Entertainment. "It’s too
easy to write a check, pay thousands of dollars and say, ‘I’m climate
neutral.’"

Last year, Fox parent News Corp. set a goal of being carbon neutral by
2010.

To further that goal, Fox Broadcasting chose its popular "24" series
as a case study and to serve as a model for other television
productions.

Diesel generators that power the show’s lighting were switched to a
mixture that uses 5 percent biodiesel fuel. That percentage will be
increased in coming years. The show also has secured energy from solar
and wind generation from a local utility for its soundstages.

But News Corp. has a more ambitious goal than simply reducing its own
carbon emissions.

"We knew from the beginning that if our goal is to make as many carbon
reductions in the world as possible, probably the best way we can do
that is through our audiences," said Rachel Webber, director of energy
initiatives for News Corp.

The company concluded that worldwide, it produced the equivalent of
641,150 tons of carbon dioxide. But a rough estimate revealed that the
people who read its newspapers, watch its TV shows and browse its Web
sites use about 7 billion tons.

"That’s the greatest potential to reduce carbon, but we have to get
our own house in order first," Webber said.

To reach the wider audience, Webber and a climate expert from Harvard
University met with show writers and executive producers earlier this
year to brainstorm on ways to integrate environmental messages into
show plots.

But Webber said Fox is not forcing "tacked on" messages into its
shows, but rather offering resources should writers choose to address
the issue.

"We can’t use this in a way that doesn’t fit into the show," Webber
said. "It can’t be Jack Bauer driving in a car he otherwise wouldn’t
drive in."

Ultimately, any steps Hollywood takes, big or small, to reduce
emissions are positive, Begley said. "There are different shades of
green."

can u plz help me with these questions?

1 . Electric charge that has built up in one place is called what kind of electricity?

A. current
B. circuit
C. static
D. current circuit

2 . Static discharge differs from an electric current in that a static discharge

A. is a flow of electrons.
B. lasts for only a fraction of a second.
C. involves the movement of ions as well as electrons.
D. results because a force is exerted on the electrons.

3 . Which of the following describes lightning?

A. a very large discharge of static electricity
B. a high voltage electric current
C. a build up of neutrons
D. harmless

4 . A circuit that has two or more separate paths for electrons to follow is a

A. parallel circuit.
B. series circuit.
C. circuit diagram.
D. electron circuit.

5 . Which is a path created for a current that allows only one route of travel?

A. series current
B. parallel current
C. parallel circuit
D. series circuit

6 . A material through which electrons do not readily flow is a(n)

A. transformer.
B. insulator.
C. conductor.
D. fuse.

7 . Resistance is measured using which unit?

A. volts
B. ohms
C. coulombs
D. amperes

8 . Which scientist discovered that "current is equal to the potential difference divided by the resistance"?

A. Ohm
B. Newton
C. Faraday
D. Watt

9 . A television that requires .40 ampere of current is operated on a 120-volt service for 5 hours. How much energy is used?

A. .67 kWh
B. .15 kWh
C. .24 kWh
D. 1.5 kWh

10 . Which of these contains a source of constant electric current?

A. switch
B. transformer
C. dry cell
D. wire

11 . Where is the location of the strongest magnetic forces in a magnet?

A. atoms
B. magnetic fields
C. magnetic poles
D. magnetic domains

12 . What is the region around a magnet where the magnetic forces are acting?

A. magnetic field
B. magnetic poles
C. ammeters
D. domains

13 . Which of the following describes the atoms in a magnet?

A. They are positively charged.
B. They are negatively charged.
C. They are lined up according to their charges.
D. They are arranged randomly.

14 . The function of a generator is to change

A. electrical energy to mechanical energy.
B. chemical energy to electrical energy.
C. mechanical energy to electrical energy.
D. electrical energy to chemical energy.

15 . What is a transformer called that increases voltage?

A. step-up transformer
B. resistance transformer
C. step-down transformer
D. voltage motor

16 . Current that does not reverse direction is called

A. direct current.
B. circuit current.
C. magnetic current.
D. alternating current.

17 . The function of an electric motor is to change

A. electrical energy to chemical energy.
B. mechanical energy to chemical energy.
C. chemical energy to electrical energy.
D. electrical energy to mechanical energy.

18 . A generator creates a 90-Hz alternating current. How many times does the current reverse each second?

A. 45 times
B. 180 times
C. 90 times
D. 360 times

19 . Which of the following produces direct current or DC?

A. nuclear power plant
B. hydroelectric dam
C. wind turbine
D. 12-volt battery

20 . Which of the following would not change the strength of an electromagnet?

A. increasing the number of loops
B. inserting an iron core inside the wire
C. changing the current’s direction
D. increasing the amount of current

A motion with a period of T has a frequency equal to:
T2
T
T0
T-1

2: Waves transfer energy without transferring:
Amplitude
Period
Matter
Wavelength

3: A building sways back and forth in the wind with a frequency of about 0.10 Hz. What is its period of vibration?
0.01 seconds
0.1 seconds
1 second
10 seconds

4: An ocean wave has a length of 10.0 m. A wave passes a fixed location every 2.0 seconds. What is the speed of the wave?
5.0 m/s
20 m/s
0.2 m/s
1.0 m/s

5: Water waves in a lake travel 4.4 m in 1.8 seconds. The period of oscillation is 1.2 seconds. What is the speed of the waves and what is their wavelength (answer respectively)?
2.4 m/s & 2.9 m
2.4 m/s & 1.4 m
1.4 m/s & 2.9 m
1.4 m/s & 2.4 m

6: In transverse waves, the displacement of the medium is ________ to the direction of the wave motion.
Parallel
45 degrees
Perpendicular
None of the Above

7: ________ waves do not require a medium.
Sound waves
Electromagnetic waves
Mechanical waves
Transverse waves

8: The frequency of yellow light is 5.0 x 1014 Hz. Find the wavelength of yellow light.
6000 nm
60 nm
600 nm
60 m

9: A wave generator produces 16.0 pulses in 4.00 seconds. What is its period?
4.00 s
2.50 s
0.750 s
0.250 s

10: The velocity of a wave on a string depends on how hard the string is stretched, and on the mass per unit length of the stretch. If FT is the tension in the string, and u is the mass/unit length, then the velocity, v, can be determined.
v = sqrt(FT/u)

A piece of string 5.30 m long is has a mass of 15.0 g. What must the tension in the string be to make the wavelength of a 125 Hz wave 120.0 cm?

22.5 N
63.7 N
84.1 N
97.0 N

1: A motion with a period of T has a frequency equal to:
T2
T
T0
T-1

2: Waves transfer energy without transferring:
Amplitude
Period
Matter
Wavelength

3: A building sways back and forth in the wind with a frequency of about 0.10 Hz. What is its period of vibration?
0.01 seconds
0.1 seconds
1 second
10 seconds

4: An ocean wave has a length of 10.0 m. A wave passes a fixed location every 2.0 seconds. What is the speed of the wave?
5.0 m/s
20 m/s
0.2 m/s
1.0 m/s

5: Water waves in a lake travel 4.4 m in 1.8 seconds. The period of oscillation is 1.2 seconds. What is the speed of the waves and what is their wavelength (answer respectively)?
2.4 m/s & 2.9 m
2.4 m/s & 1.4 m
1.4 m/s & 2.9 m
1.4 m/s & 2.4 m

6: In transverse waves, the displacement of the medium is ________ to the direction of the wave motion.
Parallel
45 degrees
Perpendicular
None of the Above

7: ________ waves do not require a medium.
Sound waves
Electromagnetic waves
Mechanical waves
Transverse waves

8: The frequency of yellow light is 5.0 x 1014 Hz. Find the wavelength of yellow light.
6000 nm
60 nm
600 nm
60 m

9: A wave generator produces 16.0 pulses in 4.00 seconds. What is its period?
4.00 s
2.50 s
0.750 s
0.250 s

10: The velocity of a wave on a string depends on how hard the string is stretched, and on the mass per unit length of the stretch. If FT is the tension in the string, and u is the mass/unit length, then the velocity, v, can be determined.
v = sqrt(FT/u)

A piece of string 5.30 m long is has a mass of 15.0 g. What must the tension in the string be to make the wavelength of a 125 Hz wave 120.0 cm?

22.5 N
63.7 N
84.1 N
97.0 N

please can you help me answer as many as you can. Whoever answers the most wins 10 points

1. What is the best location for a nuclear power plant?
2. What is the best place for a wind farm?
3.What is the best place for a wave energy generator? (and not just, "in the sea" please )
4. What is the best place for tidal barrage?
5. How much does energy generated from tidal barrage cost?
6. What is the best place for a hydroelectric power station?
7. What is the start up time for a hydroelectric power station?
8. How much does is cost to build a solar power plant?
9.What is the start up time for a solar power plant?
10.What is the best location for a solar power plant?
11. How much does energy generated from solar power plant cost?
12.What is the best location for a geothermal power station?
13. What is the start up time for a geothermal power station?
14. How much does it cost to build a geothermal power station?
15. Is there any pollution from geothermal power plants? (i.e visual, noise…etc)

Thank you so much, it doesnt matter if you can’t answer a lot just anything would be great

Need Help solving this question as its pretty difficult.

A simple generator is required to generate a peak output voltage of 25.6 V. A square armature is built consisting of windings that are 6.0 cm on a side and rotate in a field of 0.41 T at a rate of 59 rev/s. How many turns of wire should be wound on the square armature?

Democrats have pushed for Solar and Wind power for years and those alternatives are now helping to keep gas at .00 per gallon. Imagine where we would have been if we hadn’t had Dems these ecological alternatives. Do Dems approve of the idea of Nuclear? I believe that most of us believe that on the short term we have to build more Nuclear plants but the emphasis has to be on conversion to cleaner types of energy. Nuclear is not clean energy but has become a necessity.

Mean while the Oil companies sit on Million acres that they haven’t explored… 68 MILLION!!! It isn’t the Dems that are stopping oil companies from exploring on these sites. The OIL companies are trying to use our shortages to break the deadlock over the off shore sites. After that… then what??? Then where do you go???.. Where do your children go for their Oil. We need to develop Solar, Wind and or even Tidal generators which we hear nothing about to power our future in hybrid cars. What do you think???

I built a wind generator using a 180v 8 amp 1725 rpm pmdc motor where I have been able to achieve anywhere from 30 vdc to 120vdc unloaded depending on which rotor I am using.

the problem is when I am connected to the batteries I can never go over 13.3 volts which will only charge my batteries to 12.3 volts. So my problem is that I can’t even fully charge my batteries much less over charge them. Will a charge Controller allow me to set the input voltage to 14.2 volts or is there something else I can do to raise the voltage to be able to fully charge batteries. When the system is all completed I will have a charge Controller but right now I’m still trying to work the system out. Am I doing something wrong that is not allowing me to reach the required voltage? On paper this should be a really good generator right? Thanks!

Hello, I’m in the process of building a homemade wind turbine and I’m trying to figure out if I need a charge controller or not. Some places say I do and others say I don’t. The turbine has 2 treadmill motors that will be used as generators. Each individual motor is rated at 260VDC, 5A and 5100RPM. I have the turbine geared to a 4:1 ratio. Turning the motors 4 times faster than the blades. Rotor diameter is around 10.5 feet. At this time my battery bank is only rated at 95Ah at 12VDC I will be adding to this battery bank in the near future. My next upgrade will take the battery bank to around 380Ah capacity. I’m only running my small workshop off this so far. I’d like to include some of my house in time but that will be down the road a ways yet. I hope that’s enough info for my question. If not just let me know and I’ll get the anything more than is needed. Thanks for your time and help.

So I’d love to become more green.

So far I’ve replaced a few appliances with energy star rated ones, regularly clean my washable A/C filter, use a programable thermostat, added recycled insulation, replaced all the light bulbs with compact flouresents.

I’ve done just about everything I can to save energy, but I’d really like to start producing energy. I can’t afford to spend 100s or 1000s of dollars on solar panels, wind turbines, fuel cells, etc… I am working on an HHO generator for my car, but I’d like to produce some on-grid power all DIY. Is that possible? I assume I could build something to generate wind power, but what about actually getting that little bit of power connected to my electrical system? If I could spend 100 bucks to save 5 or 10 a month, I’d be happy.

Instead of results? Like Obama’s was?

Because I’ve got this great vision for an Omni Pill that would immunize everyone from all diseases and infections for life with just one dose. Surely that qualifies me for a Nobel Prize in Medicine.

And for the Science Prize, if I could just get funding for my newly designed Perpetual Motion machine, we wouldn’t need to build oil or gas or solar or nuclear or wind powered electric generators. Or fight wars over access to natural resources. I could have a prototype up and running with the prize money, it wouldn’t cost taxpayers one cent.

I would appreciate it if someone would nominate me, I don’t think they allow me to nominate myself.

How Do I Get The "The Current Creator Wind Powered Electric Generator To Have Electricity"? I Can’t Find It In The Buy Window or The Build Window!! PLEASE HELP!!